Prostate biopsy/multifocal biopsy (with special staining as appropriate)

Prostate biopsy (multifocal biopsy) is a diagnostic procedure in which multiple tissue samples are taken from the prostate gland for histological examination. Special staining may be used when necessary to allow more precise evaluation of cellular changes and detection of pathological processes, including malignancies.

Indications

• Elevated PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels
• Suspicion of prostate cancer
• Suspicious findings on ultrasound or MRI
• Monitoring previously detected prostate abnormalities
• Persistent urinary symptoms of unclear origin

Procedure/Duration

• The procedure is performed by a urologist, usually under ultrasound guidance (transrectal or transperineal approach)
• A special needle is used to obtain multiple tissue samples from different areas of the prostate
• The samples are sent for histological analysis, with additional staining if required
• The procedure takes approximately 20–30 minutes; results are typically available within 5–10 days

Contraindications

• Acute infections of the urogenital tract
• Coagulation disorders
• Severe general condition
• Exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases

Rehabilitation/Restrictions

• Mild discomfort in the perineal or rectal area
• Possible traces of blood in urine, semen, or stool for a few days
• Avoid heavy physical activity and overheating
• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is recommended
• Follow-up examination as advised by the doctor

Advantages

• High diagnostic accuracy
• Early detection of prostate cancer
• Detailed assessment of prostate tissue structure
• Supports personalized treatment planning